Sujet: Diffusion/Adoption
Ce papier décortique les innovation en 3 catégories et examine quels facteurs inluencent ces différents types d’innovation dans le secteur publique. Pour le CDG, le type d’innovation appelé ”ancillary” est intéressant car il s’agit des innovation de type inter-agences.
Définitions
innovation diffusion: “Innovation diffusion is concerned with the diffusion of innovation through a population of potential adopter organizations over time and/or space
(Wolfe 1994).”
innovation: “The concept of innovation is complex – a process through which new ideas, objects and practices are created, developed or reinvented and which are new and novel to the unit of adoption (Aiken and Hage 1971; Kimberly and Evanisko 1981; Rogers 1995; Walker et al. 2002).”
ancillary innovation: “Ancillary innovations are identified by Damanpour (1987) and are differentiated from process and product innovation because of their reliance on relationships with other organizations and actors.”
Normes
“The role of leaders in organizations is important. In public organizations such as local authorities, which are democratically elected, the role of politicians is likely to be extremely influential in the adoption of innovations. Politicians will set political values and policy direction as well as allocate resources to a programme. Given that the majority of public officials in local authorities are permanent employees, they too are likely to influence the
management of an organization and play a role in establishing culture and motivating staff (Gould-Williams 2004).”
“Consequently, policy-makers, if seeking to encourage public organizations to innovate, need complex policy”
“tools that ensure that appropriate determinants of innovation adoption are in place. For example, if partnership is a form of innovation policymakers would like to see, they need to understand the ways in which the wider environment is likely to affect the behaviour of organizations. These prescriptions equally apply to managers – their role in developing innovations is to be able to read and interpret the external environment, organization
and diffusion factors and understand how different drivers may result in the requirements of different types of innovation.”
Factoids
“Three types of innovation are identified in the literature: product, process
and ancillary.”
“The distinction between product and process innovation originated in Schumpeter ’s work – a product being a new good or quality of a good and process a new method of production (Archibugi et al. 1994).”
“What distinguishes an ancillary innovation from product and process innovation is that the successful adoption of ancillary innovations is dependent on factors outside an organization’s control. Ancillary innovations are concerned with working across boundaries with other service providers, users or other public agencies and thus their successful implementation is reliant upon others. Ancillary innovations illustrate the overlapping nature of these concepts: a new service (product innovation) could be developed in partnership with other actors, including users or other public, voluntary or private organizations; alternatively, new governance arrangements (process innovations) could be put in place for a public organization that involves partner or user agencies undertaking joint decision making.”
“Environmental variables influenced the adoption ancillary: partnership, organizational and technological: market orientation innovations. Organizational variables predicted the adoption of new product, technological: ITC and organizational while diffusion variables assisted in explaining variance in all the innovation type models bar organizational innovations.”
